Linear Regression
Explore how linear regression finds the best line through data points.
Gradient Descent
Step through gradient descent one iteration at a time.
Multi-Linear Regression
Interactive demonstration of multi-linear regression with real-time feature selection.
Higher-Order Features
Visualize the bias-variance tradeoff using real bike rental data. Adjust polynomial degree to see underfitting, optimal fit, and overfitting.
Feature Engineering
Explore how higher model capacity can cause overfitting in polynomial regression and the effects of L1 and L2 regularisation to mitigate this.
Regularisation
Understand how L1 (Lasso) and L2 (Ridge) regularisation prevent overfitting by penalizing model complexity. Interactive visualization of regularisation effects on polynomial regression.
Regularised GD
Visualize how L1 and L2 regularization geometrically reshape the loss surface and affect gradient descent trajectories. Watch optimization paths converge to different solutions based on penalty strength.
Perceptrons
The first neural network algorithm: step through perceptron learning epoch-by-epoch, watching the decision boundary adapt to separate two classes.
1-D Classification
Interactive logistic regression with adjustable decision boundaries. See how the sigmoid function creates smooth classification boundaries.
2-D Classification
Multi-class classification with various boundary types (linear, polynomial, radial basis). Experiment with different decision boundary shapes.
Classification Metrics
Adjust decision thresholds and explore sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, F1-score, and balanced accuracy. See why accuracy fails with imbalanced data.
Neural Networks
Build and train neural networks with adjustable architecture and parameters. Experiment with different layer sizes and activation functions.
Backpropagation
Step-by-step visualization of the backpropagation algorithm. Watch how gradients flow backward through the network layers.
ANN Applications
Train neural networks on real civil engineering datasets. Configure architecture, compare with linear regression, and make predictions in real-world units.
Convolution & Pooling
Interactive exploration of CNN operations with real-time filter visualization. See how convolution and pooling operations transform images.
CNN Architecture
Complete MNIST digit classification with real PyTorch backend and epoch-by-epoch training visualization.
Bag of Words
Explore how text can be converted into numerical representations using the bag-of-words approach. See how documents become vectors based on word frequencies.
RNNs
Discover how RNNs process sequential data step-by-step. Visualize hidden state evolution and understand the core mechanics of recurrent processing.
LSTMs
Explore Long Short-Term Memory networks with sophisticated gating mechanisms. See how forget, input, cell, and output gates work together to maintain long-term dependencies.
Attention Mechanism
Explore how attention mechanisms work through Q, K, V computations and dot-product attention. Visualize how tokens attend to each other in sequence processing.
K-Means Clustering
Interactive clustering demonstration with step-by-step k-means algorithm visualization. Add your own points and watch how centroids move to minimize within-cluster distances.
Hierarchical Clustering
Explore agglomerative clustering with interactive dendrogram visualization. Compare different linkage criteria and discover nested cluster structures.
PCA
Investigate PCA on real civil engineering scenarios. Toggle standardisation, inspect explained variance, and compare feature loadings with saved snapshots.
Multi-Armed Bandit
Explore the exploration vs exploitation tradeoff with interactive epsilon-greedy algorithm. Watch an agent learn to balance trying new actions with exploiting known good ones.
Grid World
Navigate a 5×5 grid world from start to goal while avoiding obstacles. Learn the fundamentals of state spaces, action spaces, and sequential decision making.
Policy Iteration
Watch Policy Iteration find the optimal policy through alternating evaluation and improvement. Visualize value functions and policies converging to the optimal solution.